Robot sensors: Robots'
intelligence depends highly on their sensors. The sensors detect elements in
the surrounding environment and send information to the controller. Based on
this information, the controller makes its decisions. Generally, a robot has
several sensors to scan the environment. Sensors can include ultrasonic range
finders to measure point distances, laser scanners to measure 2D and 3D
distances for mapping, sound sensors, light sensors and more.
Micro controllers: Micro controllers act as the brain of robotic projects. These devices work
similar to the central processing unit of the computer. They are capable of
collecting information, processing it and deciding the actions of the robot.
Motor: A motor
converts electricity into mechanical motion. There are different types of
motors, which differ in terms of size, functionality and the amount of power
they generate. Motor controller: This device acts as an intermediate between a
microcontroller and a motor. A micro controller is not capable of proving enough
power to a motor so instead it sends commands to a motor controller which
handles the higher power requirements.
Mechanical parts:
Mechanical parts come in different forms and shapes. Mechanical parts are
chosen based on the specific objectives of a robot. Certain common mechanical
parts are wheels, tracks, casters, connectors, motor mounts, pan and tilt
systems, gear boxes, chassis/frame and grippers.
Power system: Most
robots require a battery to function. Many employ a Nickel Metal Hydride
(NiMH), Nickel-Cadmium (NiCd) or Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery, though others
may use alkaline, lead acid or other less common types. Some robots are powered
or recharged by solar energy. Standard power equipments often include battery,
charger and adapters.
Communication devices:
Optimum performance of a robot depends on successful communication. Robotic
structures come with sophisticated communication and control devices for
transmitting and processing messages. Essential communication devices include
modem, Bluetooth, remote control and telemetry.
